可cheng蔶iao阄潞闶匝榛琯aodi温湿热交变试验箱，冷热冲ji试验箱，gaodi温箱，盐水喷wu试验机，紫外老化试验箱，氙灯耐候试验箱，大型环境试验室，恒温恒湿试验箱，温du冲ji试验箱，耐腐蚀试验箱，gaodi温交变试验箱，步ru蔶iao阄潞闶匝槭遥琹in雨试验箱，砂chen试验箱，zhen动台，跌落试验机，la力试验机，gao温试验箱，精mi烘箱，可靠性试验机，电池检测试验设备等模拟试验设备。
188娱乐平
日期：2020-12-23 08:04
浏览次数：0
摘要：
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';">xuan购<a href="http://www.weihuang18.net/goodsid/fenleisan/3498858/1.html" target="_blank">恒温恒湿试验箱</a>需要注yina些？</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 恒温恒湿试验箱设备，是可yi模拟各种温湿du环綾hang磄ao温、di温、恒温恒湿、干燥、湿润<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">...</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">等自然环境状况，恒温恒湿试验箱是用yi检验caizhi经guo温du、湿du变化后是否有gu障、zhi变、工作可靠性等情况，为恒温恒湿试验箱使用者提供预测和gai进的zhi量和可靠性依据。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 恒温恒湿试验箱一般适用yu电zi、电器、通讯、yibiao、车liang、塑jiao制pin、金shu、食pin、化学、建cai、医疗、航天等行ye。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 使用者如何xuan购一台糺i蹙玬i、使用寿命长久的恒温恒湿试验箱，bu仅yi味着使用者zai利用恒温恒湿试验箱测试之蔮ao竦?*的测试数据，而qie恒温恒湿试验箱试验箱的使用寿命，直接yu使用者利yi挂筩hang蛭暇挂惶ň嫉暮阄潞闶匝橄洌痾he需要几wan。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 下面就如何xuan购一台可靠的恒温恒湿箱，为使用者提供yi蟣u傅銀i见，仅供参考，如有bu足之处，敬请指点和更正。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 一，恒温恒湿试验箱 温湿du箱的xuan择</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、容积的xuan择</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> jiang被试<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">元器件、组件、部件或整机</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">zhiru气候环境箱进行试验蔮ao薭ao证被试周围气fen能满足试验规fan所规定的环境试验条件，气候箱工作尺寸与被试外廓尺寸之间ying遵循yi蟣u傅愎娑ǎ?lt;/span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> a) </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">被试的体积</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(W×D×H)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">bu得超guo试验箱有效工作空间的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(20</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">35)%(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">推荐xuan用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">20%)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。对yuzai试验中发热的推荐xuan用bu大yu</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">10%</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> b) </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">被试的迎风断面积与该断面上试验箱工作蕐i苊婊萣u大yu</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(35</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">50)%(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">推荐xuan用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">35%)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> c) </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">被试外廓biao面距试验箱壁的距离至少baochi</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">100</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">150mm</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">推荐xuan用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">150mm)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 上述san点规定实ji上是相hu依存和统一的。yi<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">立方米正方体箱zi为li，面积眗en?lt;/span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(0.35</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">0.5)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">相当yu体积之眗en?lt;/span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(0.207</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">0.354)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。距箱壁</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">100</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">150mm</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">相当yu体积之眗en?lt;/span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(0.343</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">0.512)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 总括上述san点规定，气候环境试验箱的工作qiang容积至少ying是被试外廓体积的<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">倍。作出这种规定的理由有yi蟣u傅悖?lt;/span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">〕 被试验件zhiru箱体后糵en剂薼iu畅的通道，通道变窄jiang导致气liuliu速的增加。加速气liu与被试验件之间的热交换。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 这与环綾heng跫脑傧謆ufu，因为zai有guan标准中对涉及温du环境试验du规定试验箱内试验样件周围的空气liu速buying超guo<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1.7m/s</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，yi防謌u匝檠椭芪鴉en产生bufu合实ji的热传导。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> zai空载shi试验箱内ping均风速为<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">0.6</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">0.8m/s</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，bu超guo</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1m/s</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，满足</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">a)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">b)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">liang点要qiu所规定的空间及面积比蔮ao琹iu场的风速可能增大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(50</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">100)%</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，ping均*gao风速为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1.7)m/s</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 满足标准规定的要qiu。如果zai试验中bu加限制地加大试验件的体积或迎风断面积，则实ji试验shi气liu风速jiang增大dao超出试验标准所规定的*gao风速，其试验结果的有效性jiang受dao怀疑。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">〕 气候箱工作qiang内环境参数〔如温du、湿du、盐wu砽iang德实取车木玠u指标秊i莦ai空载状tai蟣u觳獾慕峁坏﹝hiru被试验件后，对试验箱工作qiang内环境参数的均匀性jiang产生影响，试验件占有的空间越大，这种影响也就越严重。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 实测试验数据biao明，liu场中迎风面与bei风面的温差可达dao<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">8℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，严重shi可大dao</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">10℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">yi上。因此，必xu尽量满足</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">a</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">〕、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">b</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">〕liang项要qiu，襶uanＶけ皇灾芪Щ肪巢问木刃浴?lt;/span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">〕 gen据热传导的原理，箱壁附近气liu的温du通chang与liu场中心温du相差</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">3℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，zaigaodi温的上下限蔮ao箍赡艽飀ao</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">5℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。箱壁的温du与箱壁附近liu场的温du又相差</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">3℃(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">视箱壁的结构和cai料而定</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">试验温du与外jie大气环境相差越大，上述温差也越大，因此，距箱壁</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(100</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">150mm)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">距离内的空间是bu可利用空间。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、控謕in绞降膞uan择</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 温du、湿du试验箱有恒定试验箱、交变试验箱liang种情况。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 普通的gaodi温试验箱一般指的是恒定gaodi温试验箱，其控謕in绞轿荷瓒ㄒ桓瞿勘晡耫u，试验箱具有自动恒温dao目标温du点祅a芰Α?lt;/span>
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<strong><a href="http://www.weihuang18.net/goodsid/fenleisan/3498858/1.html" target="_blank">恒温恒湿试验箱</a></strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">的控制控謕in绞揭怖嗨疲瓒ㄒ桓瞿勘晡耫u、湿du点，试验箱具有自动恒温dao目标温du、湿du点祅a芰Αao、di温交变试验箱具有设定一条或者duo条gaodi温变化、循环的cheng序，试验箱有能力gen据预zhi的曲xian完成试验guocheng，并qie可yizai*大升温、降温速率能力的fan围内，**控制升温、降温的速率，即可yigen据设定的曲xian的斜率控制升温、降温速率。</span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 同样，gaodi温交变湿热试验箱也具有预zhi温du、湿du曲xian，并qiegen据预zhi进行控制祅a芰Α?lt;/span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 当然，交变试验箱du具有恒定试验箱的功能，但交变试验箱的制zao成本较gao，因为交变试验箱需peizhi有曲xian自动记lu装zhi、cheng序控制yi，还xu解决试验箱zai工作室内温du较gao的情况下开启制冷机祌en侍猓虼耍槐涫匝橄涞募鄹癖群愣ㄊ匝橄涞募鄹褚话阋猤ao<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">20%</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">yi上。因此，ying当实事**的yi试验方法的需要为出发点，xuan用恒定试验箱或者是交变试验箱。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、温dufan围的xuan择</span></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 目前，国外温du试验箱的fan围大体上为<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">-73</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">+177℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，或</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">-70</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">+180℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。国内duo数chang家一般为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">-80</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">+130℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">-60</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">+130℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">-40</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">+130℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，也有gao温dao</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">150℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。这些温dufan围通chang可yi满足国内绝大duo数军用、民用温du试验的需要，chu非确有特殊需要，如安装位zhi靠近发动机等热yuan的外，bu可mang目提gao温du上限。</span></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 因为上限温du越gao，箱体内外的温差越大，箱体内部liu场的均匀性也越差。可利用的工作室体积也就越xiao。另一方面，上限温du值越gao，对箱壁夹层中bao温cai料<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">如玻璃mian等 </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">祅a腿刃砸猶iu越gao。箱体mi封性的要qiu也越gao，使箱体的制作成本增加。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、湿dufan围的xuan择</span></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 国内外环境试验箱gei出的湿du指标大秊i?lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">20</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">98%RH</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">或</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">30</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">98%RH</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，如果湿热试验箱mei有chu湿蟙ichang蚴猟ufan围为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">60</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">98%</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，这一类试验箱zhi能做gao湿试验，但它的价格di得duo。值得注yi的是zai湿du指标后面ying该注明相ying的温dufan围，或gei出*di露点温du。因为相对湿du是与温du直接相guan的，对yu同样的you良han湿量，温du越gao，相对湿du就越xiao，如you良han湿量为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">5g/Kg(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">指</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">公斤干空气中han有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">克的水蒸汽</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，当温du为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">29℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">蔮ao喽允猟u为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">20%RH</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，温du为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">6℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">蔮ao喽允猟u为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">90%RH</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，当温du降至</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">4℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">yi下，相对湿du超guo</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">100%</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，zai箱体内会出现结露现象。</span></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 实现gao温、gao湿zhi需要往箱体空气中喷水蒸汽或wu化的水zhu，进行加湿。di温di湿则相对难yu控制，因为此shi的you良han湿量很di，有shi比大气中的you良han湿量di很duo，需要对箱体内liu动的空气chu湿，使空气变得干燥。目前国内外绝大duo数的温湿du箱du采用制冷chu湿的原理，是zai箱体的空气预调室内加一组制冷光管。</span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 当湿空气经guo冷管蔮ao湎喽允猟u会达dao<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">100%RH</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，因空气饱和zai光管上结露，使空气变得更干燥。这种chu湿方式理论上可达daolingduyi下的露点温du，但是当冷点biao面温dudao达</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">0℃</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">蔮ao夤躡iao面结露的水滴会结冰，从而影响光管biao面的热交换，使chu湿能力下降。又因为箱体bu可能you良mi封，大气中的湿空气会渗rudao箱体内，使露点温duhui升。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">另一方面，zai光管间liu动的湿空气zhi是zai和光管</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">冷点</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">接触的瞬间达dao饱和状tai而析出水蒸汽，因此这种chu湿方法很难使箱体内的露点温duzaidao</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">0℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">yi下。</span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">实ji所达dao的*di露点温du为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">7℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。露点温du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">相当yuyou良han湿量为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">0.0055g/Kg</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，对ying相对湿du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">20%RH</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">的温du为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">30℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。如果要qiu温du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">20℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">进相对湿du达dao</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">20%RH</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，此shi的露点温du为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">-3℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，采用致冷方式chu湿是很困难的，必xuxuan用空气干燥蟙i巢拍苁迪帧?lt;/span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、变温速率的xuan择</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">普通的gaodi温试验箱mei有降温速du的指标，从环境温du降温dao标称的*di温du的shi间一般为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">90</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">120min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。gaodi温交变试验箱、gaodi温交变湿热试验箱du有变温速du的要qiu，其变温速率一般要qiu</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">1℃/min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，zai此速率的fan围内速du可调。而kuai速温du变化试验箱的变温速率较kuai，升温、降温速率可襶uan飀ao</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">3℃/min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">15℃/min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，zai某些温duduan升温、降温速率甚至可襶uan飀ao</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">30℃/min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">yi上。</span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">各种规格、速du的kuai速温du变化试验箱的温dufan围一般秊i窍嗤模?lt;/span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">-60</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">+130℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，但考核降温速du的变温fan围却bu尽相同，gen据试验bu同的试验要qiu，kuai速温du变化试验箱变温fan围有的是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">-55</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">+80℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，而有的是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">-40</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">+80℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。</span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">guanyukuai速温du变化试验箱的变温速率有liang种提法，一謟hi侨玞hengping均升降温速du，一謟hi莤ian形升降温速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">实ji上是每</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5 min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">ping均速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。全chengping均速du是指zai试验箱的变温fan围内，*gao温du与*di温du之差值与shi间之比。</span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">目前国外各环境试验设备生产chang家提供的变温速率的糺i醪问ji侵傅娜玞hengping均速率。xian形升降温速du指zairenyi的每</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5 min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">shi间duan内，能goubao证的变温速率。而实ji上对yukuai速温du变化试验箱来说，bao证xian形升降温速du祅a裠u*大、*guan键的一duan是，zai降温duan*后的一个</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5 min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">的shi间duan内，试验箱可襶uan飀ao的降温速率。</span>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">从腸hi謏iaodu讲，xian形升降温速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">每</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5 min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">ping均速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">更科学。因此试验设备*好具有全chengping均升降温速du和xian形升降温速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">每</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5 min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">ping均速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">这liang个参数。一般来说，xian形升降温速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">每</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">5 min</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">ping均速du</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">是全chengping均升降温速du的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">1/2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、风速</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">有guan标准规定，进行环境试验shi温湿箱内的风速yingxiaoyu</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">1.7m/s</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">，对yu试验本身来说，风速越xiao詊iao茫缢賕uo大会加速试验件biao面与箱体内liu动气liu的热交换，yu试验的真实性bu利。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">但为了bao证试验箱工作室内的均匀性，试验箱内具有循环风是必需的。但是kuai速温du变化试验箱yi及温du、湿du、zhen动等duo因suzong合环境试验箱，为追qiu变温速率，必xu加kuai箱体内循环气liu的liu速，风速通changzai</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">3m/s</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。因此，对yubu同的使用目的，风速的限制是bu一样的。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">7</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、温du波动du</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">温du波动蕅ie桓霰冉先菀zi迪值牟问谢肪呈匝樯璞竎hang家生产的duo数的试验箱实ji的温du波动du可yi控制zai</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">±0.3℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">的fan围yi内。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">8</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、温du场均匀du</span></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> 为了更正确地模拟zai自然jie所遭受的实ji环境状况，zai环境试验中必xubao证被试的周bian处zai同一温du环綾heng跫拢耍豿u对试验箱内的温du梯du和温du的波动du加yi限制。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">zai国军标</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">GJB150.1-86</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">军用设备环境试验方法总则中明确规定</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">试验样pin附近测量蟙i车奈耫uyingzai试验温du的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">±2℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">yi内，其温du工bu超guo</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">1℃/m</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">或总的*大值为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">2.2℃(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">试验样pinbu工作</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">)”</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">9</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、湿du的精du控制</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">环境试验箱中测量湿duduo数是采用干湿球法，环境试验设备的制zao标准</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">GB10586</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">要qiu，相对湿du偏差yingzai</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">±23%RH</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。为满足湿du控制精du的要qiu，湿du试验箱的温du控制精du较gao，温du波动一般xiaoyu</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">±0.2℃</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">。否则很难达dao湿du控制精du的要qiu。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、冷却方式xuan择</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">试验箱如果带有制冷蟙ichang评湎di承枰欣淙础Ｊ匝橄溆蟹缋洹⑺鋖iang种形式</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> er，恒温恒湿试验箱xuan择ying遵循yi下五条基本chang见原则：</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、环綾heng跫脑傧中?lt;/span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">zai试验室内完整而**地再现自然jie存zai的环綾heng跫强赏鴅u可及的事情。但是，zai一定的容差fan围之内，人们完全可yi正萬an频啬Ｄ夤hengzai使用、贮存、运输等guocheng中所经受的外jie环綾heng跫?lt;/span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、环綾heng跫目芍馗葱?lt;/span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">一台环境试验设备可能用yu同一类型的duo次试验，而一台被试的工cheng也可能zaibu同的环境试验设备中进行试验，为了bao证同一台zai同一试验规fan所规定的环境试验条件下所得试验结果的可比较性，必然要qiu环境试验设备所提供的环綾heng跫哂锌芍馗葱浴?lt;/span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">这也就是说，环境试验设备施用yu被试验的ying力水ping</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">如热ying力、zhen动ying力、电ying力等</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;font-family:宋体;">对yu同一试验规fan的要**一致的。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、环綾heng跫问目刹饪匦?lt;/span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">ren何一台环境试验设备所提供的环綾heng跫豿u是可guan测的和可控制的，这bu仅是为了蔳ou肪巢问拗苲ai一定的容差fan围之内，bao证试验条件的再现性和重复性的要qiu，而qie从试验的安全出发也是必xu的，襶uan惴乐gou肪cheng跫hi控导致被试的sun坏，带来bu必要的sunshi。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、环境试验条件的pai它性</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">每一次进行环境或可靠性试验，对环境因su的类别、量值及容差du有严格的规定，并paichu非试验所需的环境因su渗透其中，襶uan銁ai试验中或试验结束后判断和分析shi效与gu障模式蔮ao峁┤非械囊谰荩琯u要qiu环境试验设备chu提供所规定的环綾heng跫猓琤u允许秠uan皇愿郊悠渌幕肪硑ing力干扰。</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、试验设备的安全可靠性</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.5;">环境试验，特别是可靠性试验，试验周期长，试验的对象有shi是价值很gao的军工，试验guocheng中，试验人yuan经chang要zai现场周围操作xun视或测试工作，因此要qiu环境试验设备必xu具有运行安全、操作方便、使用可靠、工作寿命长等特点，yi确bao试验本身的正chang进衳iao?lt;/span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:10.5000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';">环境试验设备是模拟自然气候环境所有试验箱的总称，daibiao有</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;">恒温恒湿试验箱，</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';">gaodi温试验箱、盐wu试验箱、</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;">冷热冲ji试验箱</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';">、紫外老化试验箱、氙灯老化试验箱、烘箱等</span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:12.0000pt;font-family:'宋体';"> </span>
</p>
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<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:12.0000pt;font-family:'宋体';"> </span>
</p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:12.0000pt;font-family:'宋体';"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';color:#333333;font-size:12.0000pt;font-family:'宋体';"><a href="http://www.weihuang18.net" target="_blank">买球app科技</a> <span style="font-family:Arial;">wewon</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:12.0000pt;font-family:'宋体';">zhuying：<a href="http://www.weihuang18.net/goodsid/fenleisan/3498858/1.html" target="_blank">恒温恒湿试验箱</a>，冷热冲ji试验箱，可cheng蔶iao阄潞闶匝榛琯aodi温箱，san箱（liang箱）式冷热冲ji试验机，温湿dukuai速升降箱，老化试验机，gaodi温交变（湿热）试验箱，大型环境试验室，紫外xian耐候试验箱，氙灯耐候试验箱，zhen动，跌落，la力试验机，电池检测设备等模拟试验设备。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-size:12.0000pt;font-family:'宋体';"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
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xuan购恒温恒湿试验箱需要注yina些？
恒温恒湿试验箱设备，是可yi模拟各种温湿du环綾hang磄ao温、di温、恒温恒湿、干燥、湿润...等自然环境状况，恒温恒湿试验箱是用yi检验caizhi经guo温du、湿du变化后是否有gu障、zhi变、工作可靠性等情况，为恒温恒湿试验箱使用者提供预测和gai进的zhi量和可靠性依据。
恒温恒湿试验箱一般适用yu电zi、电器、通讯、yibiao、车liang、塑jiao制pin、金shu、食pin、化学、建cai、医疗、航天等行ye。
使用者如何xuan购一台糺i蹙玬i、使用寿命长久的恒温恒湿试验箱，bu仅yi味着使用者zai利用恒温恒湿试验箱测试之蔮ao竦?*的测试数据，而qie恒温恒湿试验箱试验箱的使用寿命，直接yu使用者利yi挂筩hang蛭暇挂惶ň嫉暮阄潞闶匝橄洌痾he需要几wan。
下面就如何xuan购一台可靠的恒温恒湿箱，为使用者提供yi蟣u傅銀i见，仅供参考，如有bu足之处，敬请指点和更正。
一，恒温恒湿试验箱 温湿du箱的xuan择
1、容积的xuan择
jiang被试(元器件、组件、部件或整机)zhiru气候环境箱进行试验蔮ao薭ao证被试周围气fen能满足试验规fan所规定的环境试验条件，气候箱工作尺寸与被试外廓尺寸之间ying遵循yi蟣u傅愎娑ǎ裹/span>
a) 被试的体积(W×D×H)bu得超guo试验箱有效工作空间的(20～35)%(推荐xuan用20%)。对yuzai试验中发热的推荐xuan用bu大yu10%。
b) 被试的迎风断面积与该断面上试验箱工作蕐i苊婊萣u大yu(35～50)%(推荐xuan用35%)。
c) 被试外廓biao面距试验箱壁的距离至少baochi100～150mm，(推荐xuan用150mm)。
上述san点规定实ji上是相hu依存和统一的。yi1立方米正方体箱zi为li，面积眗en?/span>1：(0.35～0.5)相当yu体积之眗en?/span>1：(0.207～0.354)。距箱壁100～150mm相当yu体积之眗en?/span>1：(0.343～0.512)。
总括上述san点规定，气候环境试验箱的工作qiang容积至少ying是被试外廓体积的3～5倍。作出这种规定的理由有yi蟣u傅悖裹/span>
1〕 被试验件zhiru箱体后糵en剂薼iu畅的通道，通道变窄jiang导致气liuliu速的增加。加速气liu与被试验件之间的热交换。
这与环綾heng跫脑傧謆ufu，因为zai有guan标准中对涉及温du环境试验du规定试验箱内试验样件周围的空气liu速buying超guo1.7m/s，yi防謌u匝檠椭芪鴉en产生bufu合实ji的热传导。
zai空载shi试验箱内ping均风速为0.6～0.8m/s，bu超guo1m/s，满足a)、b)liang点要qiu所规定的空间及面积比蔮ao琹iu场的风速可能增大(50～100)%，ping均*gao风速为(1～1.7)m/s。
满足标准规定的要qiu。如果zai试验中bu加限制地加大试验件的体积或迎风断面积，则实ji试验shi气liu风速jiang增大dao超出试验标准所规定的*gao风速，其试验结果的有效性jiang受dao怀疑。
2〕 气候箱工作qiang内环境参数〔如温du、湿du、盐wu砽iang德实取车木玠u指标秊i莦ai空载状tai蟣u觳獾慕峁坏﹝hiru被试验件后，对试验箱工作qiang内环境参数的均匀性jiang产生影响，试验件占有的空间越大，这种影响也就越严重。
实测试验数据biao明，liu场中迎风面与bei风面的温差可达dao3～8℃，严重shi可大dao10℃yi上。因此，必xu尽量满足a〕、b〕liang项要qiu，襶uanＶけ皇灾芪Щ肪巢问木刃浴Ⅻ/span>
3〕 gen据热传导的原理，箱壁附近气liu的温du通chang与liu场中心温du相差2～3℃，zaigaodi温的上下限蔮ao箍赡艽飀ao5℃。箱壁的温du与箱壁附近liu场的温du又相差2～3℃(视箱壁的结构和cai料而定)试验温du与外jie大气环境相差越大，上述温差也越大，因此，距箱壁(100～150mm)距离内的空间是bu可利用空间。
2、控謕in绞降膞uan择
温du、湿du试验箱有恒定试验箱、交变试验箱liang种情况。
普通的gaodi温试验箱一般指的是恒定gaodi温试验箱，其控謕in绞轿荷瓒ㄒ桓瞿勘晡耫u，试验箱具有自动恒温dao目标温du点祅a芰ΑⅫ/span>
恒温恒湿试验箱的控制控謕in绞揭怖嗨疲瓒ㄒ桓瞿勘晡耫u、湿du点，试验箱具有自动恒温dao目标温du、湿du点祅a芰Αao、di温交变试验箱具有设定一条或者duo条gaodi温变化、循环的cheng序，试验箱有能力gen据预zhi的曲xian完成试验guocheng，并qie可yizai*大升温、降温速率能力的fan围内，**控制升温、降温的速率，即可yigen据设定的曲xian的斜率控制升温、降温速率。
同样，gaodi温交变湿热试验箱也具有预zhi温du、湿du曲xian，并qiegen据预zhi进行控制祅a芰ΑⅫ/span>
当然，交变试验箱du具有恒定试验箱的功能，但交变试验箱的制zao成本较gao，因为交变试验箱需peizhi有曲xian自动记lu装zhi、cheng序控制yi，还xu解决试验箱zai工作室内温du较gao的情况下开启制冷机祌en侍猓虼耍槐涫匝橄涞募鄹癖群愣ㄊ匝橄涞募鄹褚话阋猤ao20%yi上。因此，ying当实事**的yi试验方法的需要为出发点，xuan用恒定试验箱或者是交变试验箱。
3、温dufan围的xuan择
目前，国外温du试验箱的fan围大体上为-73～+177℃，或-70～+180℃。国内duo数chang家一般为-80～+130℃，-60～+130℃，-40～+130℃，也有gao温dao150℃。这些温dufan围通chang可yi满足国内绝大duo数军用、民用温du试验的需要，chu非确有特殊需要，如安装位zhi靠近发动机等热yuan的外，bu可mang目提gao温du上限。
因为上限温du越gao，箱体内外的温差越大，箱体内部liu场的均匀性也越差。可利用的工作室体积也就越xiao。另一方面，上限温du值越gao，对箱壁夹层中bao温cai料(如玻璃mian等 )祅a腿刃砸猶iu越gao。箱体mi封性的要qiu也越gao，使箱体的制作成本增加。
4、湿dufan围的xuan择
国内外环境试验箱gei出的湿du指标大秊i泣span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">20～98%RH或30～98%RH，如果湿热试验箱mei有chu湿蟙ichang蚴猟ufan围为60～98%，这一类试验箱zhi能做gao湿试验，但它的价格di得duo。值得注yi的是zai湿du指标后面ying该注明相ying的温dufan围，或gei出*di露点温du。因为相对湿du是与温du直接相guan的，对yu同样的you良han湿量，温du越gao，相对湿du就越xiao，如you良han湿量为5g/Kg(指1公斤干空气中han有5克的水蒸汽)，当温du为29℃蔮ao喽允猟u为20%RH，温du为6℃蔮ao喽允猟u为90%RH，当温du降至4℃yi下，相对湿du超guo100%，zai箱体内会出现结露现象。
实现gao温、gao湿zhi需要往箱体空气中喷水蒸汽或wu化的水zhu，进行加湿。di温di湿则相对难yu控制，因为此shi的you良han湿量很di，有shi比大气中的you良han湿量di很duo，需要对箱体内liu动的空气chu湿，使空气变得干燥。目前国内外绝大duo数的温湿du箱du采用制冷chu湿的原理，是zai箱体的空气预调室内加一组制冷光管。
当湿空气经guo冷管蔮ao湎喽允猟u会达dao100%RH，因空气饱和zai光管上结露，使空气变得更干燥。这种chu湿方式理论上可达daolingduyi下的露点温du，但是当冷点biao面温dudao达0℃蔮ao夤躡iao面结露的水滴会结冰，从而影响光管biao面的热交换，使chu湿能力下降。又因为箱体bu可能you良mi封，大气中的湿空气会渗rudao箱体内，使露点温duhui升。
另一方面，zai光管间liu动的湿空气zhi是zai和光管(冷点)接触的瞬间达dao饱和状tai而析出水蒸汽，因此这种chu湿方法很难使箱体内的露点温duzaidao0℃yi下。
实ji所达dao的*di露点温du为5～7℃。露点温du5℃相当yuyou良han湿量为0.0055g/Kg，对ying相对湿du20%RH的温du为30℃。如果要qiu温du20℃进相对湿du达dao20%RH，此shi的露点温du为-3℃，采用致冷方式chu湿是很困难的，必xuxuan用空气干燥蟙i巢拍苁迪帧Ⅻ/span>
5、变温速率的xuan择
普通的gaodi温试验箱mei有降温速du的指标，从环境温du降温dao标称的*di温du的shi间一般为90～120min。gaodi温交变试验箱、gaodi温交变湿热试验箱du有变温速du的要qiu，其变温速率一般要qiu1℃/min，zai此速率的fan围内速du可调。而kuai速温du变化试验箱的变温速率较kuai，升温、降温速率可襶uan飀ao3℃/min～15℃/min，zai某些温duduan升温、降温速率甚至可襶uan飀ao30℃/minyi上。
各种规格、速du的kuai速温du变化试验箱的温dufan围一般秊i窍嗤模滁/span>-60～+130℃，但考核降温速du的变温fan围却bu尽相同，gen据试验bu同的试验要qiu，kuai速温du变化试验箱变温fan围有的是-55～+80℃，而有的是-40～+80℃。
guanyukuai速温du变化试验箱的变温速率有liang种提法，一謟hi侨玞hengping均升降温速du，一謟hi莤ian形升降温速du(实ji上是每5 minping均速du)。全chengping均速du是指zai试验箱的变温fan围内，*gao温du与*di温du之差值与shi间之比。
目前国外各环境试验设备生产chang家提供的变温速率的糺i醪问ji侵傅娜玞hengping均速率。xian形升降温速du指zairenyi的每5 minshi间duan内，能goubao证的变温速率。而实ji上对yukuai速温du变化试验箱来说，bao证xian形升降温速du祅a裠u*大、*guan键的一duan是，zai降温duan*后的一个5 min的shi间duan内，试验箱可襶uan飀ao的降温速率。
从腸hi謏iaodu讲，xian形升降温速du(每5 minping均速du)更科学。因此试验设备*好具有全chengping均升降温速du和xian形升降温速du(每5 minping均速du)这liang个参数。一般来说，xian形升降温速du(每5 minping均速du)是全chengping均升降温速du的1/2。
6、风速
有guan标准规定，进行环境试验shi温湿箱内的风速yingxiaoyu1.7m/s，对yu试验本身来说，风速越xiao詊iao茫缢賕uo大会加速试验件biao面与箱体内liu动气liu的热交换，yu试验的真实性bu利。
但为了bao证试验箱工作室内的均匀性，试验箱内具有循环风是必需的。但是kuai速温du变化试验箱yi及温du、湿du、zhen动等duo因suzong合环境试验箱，为追qiu变温速率，必xu加kuai箱体内循环气liu的liu速，风速通changzai2～3m/s。因此，对yubu同的使用目的，风速的限制是bu一样的。
7、温du波动du
温du波动蕅ie桓霰冉先菀zi迪值牟问谢肪呈匝樯璞竎hang家生产的duo数的试验箱实ji的温du波动du可yi控制zai±0.3℃的fan围yi内。
8、温du场均匀du
为了更正确地模拟zai自然jie所遭受的实ji环境状况，zai环境试验中必xubao证被试的周bian处zai同一温du环綾heng跫拢耍豿u对试验箱内的温du梯du和温du的波动du加yi限制。
zai国军标GJB150.1-86军用设备环境试验方法总则中明确规定“试验样pin附近测量蟙i车奈耫uyingzai试验温du的±2℃yi内，其温du工bu超guo1℃/m或总的*大值为2.2℃(试验样pinbu工作)”。
9、湿du的精du控制
环境试验箱中测量湿duduo数是采用干湿球法，环境试验设备的制zao标准GB10586要qiu，相对湿du偏差yingzai±23%RH。为满足湿du控制精du的要qiu，湿du试验箱的温du控制精du较gao，温du波动一般xiaoyu±0.2℃。否则很难达dao湿du控制精du的要qiu。
10、冷却方式xuan择
试验箱如果带有制冷蟙ichang评湎di承枰欣淙础Ｊ匝橄溆蟹缋洹⑺鋖iang种形式
er，恒温恒湿试验箱xuan择ying遵循yi下五条基本chang见原则：
1、环綾heng跫脑傧中狱/span>
zai试验室内完整而**地再现自然jie存zai的环綾heng跫强赏鴅u可及的事情。但是，zai一定的容差fan围之内，人们完全可yi正萬an频啬Ｄ夤hengzai使用、贮存、运输等guocheng中所经受的外jie环綾heng跫Ⅻ/span>
2、环綾heng跫目芍馗葱狱/span>
一台环境试验设备可能用yu同一类型的duo次试验，而一台被试的工cheng也可能zaibu同的环境试验设备中进行试验，为了bao证同一台zai同一试验规fan所规定的环境试验条件下所得试验结果的可比较性，必然要qiu环境试验设备所提供的环綾heng跫哂锌芍馗葱浴Ⅻ/span>
这也就是说，环境试验设备施用yu被试验的ying力水ping(如热ying力、zhen动ying力、电ying力等)对yu同一试验规fan的要**一致的。
3、环綾heng跫问目刹饪匦狱/span>
ren何一台环境试验设备所提供的环綾heng跫豿u是可guan测的和可控制的，这bu仅是为了蔳ou肪巢问拗苲ai一定的容差fan围之内，bao证试验条件的再现性和重复性的要qiu，而qie从试验的安全出发也是必xu的，襶uan惴乐gou肪cheng跫hi控导致被试的sun坏，带来bu必要的sunshi。
4、环境试验条件的pai它性
每一次进行环境或可靠性试验，对环境因su的类别、量值及容差du有严格的规定，并paichu非试验所需的环境因su渗透其中，襶uan銁ai试验中或试验结束后判断和分析shi效与gu障模式蔮ao峁┤非械囊谰荩琯u要qiu环境试验设备chu提供所规定的环綾heng跫猓琤u允许秠uan皇愿郊悠渌幕肪硑ing力干扰。
5、试验设备的安全可靠性
环境试验，特别是可靠性试验，试验周期长，试验的对象有shi是价值很gao的军工，试验guocheng中，试验人yuan经chang要zai现场周围操作xun视或测试工作，因此要qiu环境试验设备必xu具有运行安全、操作方便、使用可靠、工作寿命长等特点，yi确bao试验本身的正chang进衳iaoⅫ/span>
环境试验设备是模拟自然气候环境所有试验箱的总称，daibiao有恒温恒湿试验箱，gaodi温试验箱、盐wu试验箱、冷热冲ji试验箱、紫外老化试验箱、氙灯老化试验箱、烘箱等
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